HTML

This HTML cheat sheet lists the common HTML and HTML5 tags in readable layout.

Getting Started

hello.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>HTML5 Boilerplate</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Hello world, hello QuickRef.ME!</h1>
</body>
</html>

Or try it out in the jsfiddle

Comment

<!-- this is a comment -->

<!--
    Or you can comment out a
    large number of lines.
-->

Paragraph

<p>I'm from QuickRef.ME</p>
<p>Share quick reference cheat sheet.</p>

See: The Paragraph element

HTML link

<a href="https://quickref.me">QuickRef</a>
<a href="mailto:jack@abc.com">Email</a>
<a href="tel:+12345678">Call</a>
<a href="sms:+12345678&body=ha%20ha">Msg</a>

href

The URL that the hyperlink points to

rel

Relationship of the linked URL

target

Link target location: _self, _blank, _top, _parent

See: The <a> Attributes

Image Tag

<img loading="lazy" src="https://xxx.png" alt="Describe image here" width="400" height="400">

src

Required, Image location (URL | Path)

alt

Describe of the image

width

Width of the image

height

Height of the image

loading

How the browser should load

See: The Image Embed element

Text Formatting Tags

<b>Bold Text</b>
<strong>This text is important</strong>
<i>Italic Text</i>
<em>This text is emphasized</em>
<u>Underline Text</u>
<pre>Pre-formatted Text</pre>
<code>Source code</code>
<del>Deleted text</del>
<mark>Highlighted text (HTML5)</mark>
<ins>Inserted text</ins>
<sup>Makes text superscripted</sup>
<sub>Makes text subscripted</sub>
<small>Makes text smaller</small>
<kbd>Ctrl</kbd>
<blockquote>Text Block Quote</blockquote>

Headings

<h1> This is Heading 1 </h1>
<h2> This is Heading 2 </h2>
<h3> This is Heading 3 </h3>
<h4> This is Heading 4 </h4>
<h5> This is Heading 5 </h5>
<h6> This is Heading 6 </h6>

You should only have one h1 on your page

Section Divisions

<div></div>

Division or Section of Page Content

<span></span>

Section of text within other content

<p></p>

Paragraph of Text

<br>

Line Break

<hr>

Basic Horizontal Line

These are the tags used to divide your page up into sections

Inline Frame

<iframe title="New York"
    width="342"
    height="306"
    id="gmap_canvas"
    src="https://maps.google.com/maps?q=2880%20Broadway,%20New%20York&t=&z=13&ie=UTF8&iwloc=&output=embed"
    scrolling="no">
</iframe>

↓ Preview

See: The Inline Frame element

JavaScript in HTML

<script type="text/javascript">
    let text = "Hello QuickRef.ME";
    alert(text);
</script>

External JavaScript

<body>
    ...
    
    <script src="app.js"></script>
</body>

CSS in HTML

<style type="text/css">
    h1 {
        color: purple;
    }
</style>

External stylesheet

<head>
...
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"/>
</head>

HTML5 Tags

Document

<body>
  <header>
    <nav>...</nav>
  </header>
  <main>
    <h1>QuickRef.ME</h1>
  </main>
  <footer>
    <p>©2023 QuickRef.ME</p>
  </footer>
</body>

<header>
  <nav>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="#">Edit Page</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Twitter</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Facebook</a></li>
    </ul>
  </nav>
</header>

HTML5 Tags

article

Content that’s independent

aside

Secondary content

audio

Embeds a sound, or an audio stream

bdi

The Bidirectional Isolate element

canvas

Draw graphics via JavaScript

data

Machine readable content

datalist

A set of pre-defined options

details

Additional information

dialog

A dialog box or sub-window

embed

Embeds external application

figcaption

A caption or legend for a figure

figure

A figure illustrated

footer

Footer or least important

header

Masthead or important information

main

The main content of the document

mark

Text highlighted

meter

A scalar value within a known range

nav

A section of navigation links

output

The result of a calculation

picture

A container for multiple image sources

progress

The completion progress of a task

Provides fall-back parenthesis

Defines the pronunciation of character

ruby

Represents a ruby annotation

section

A group in a series of related content

source

Resources for the media elements

summary

A summary for the <details> element

template

Defines the fragments of HTML

time

A time or date

track

Text tracks for the media elements

video

Embeds video

wbr

A line break opportunity

HTML5 Video

<video controls="" width="100%">
    <source src="https://interactive-examples.mdn.mozilla.net/media/cc0-videos/flower.mp4" type="video/mp4">
    Sorry, your browser doesn't support embedded videos.
</video>

↓ Preview

HTML5 Audio

<audio controls
    src="https://interactive-examples.mdn.mozilla.net/media/cc0-audio/t-rex-roar.mp3">
    Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>

↓ Preview

link

HTML5 Ruby

<ruby>
  汉 <rp>(</rp><rt>hàn</rt><rp>)</rp>
  字 <rp>(</rp><rt>zì</rt><rp>)</rp>
</ruby>

↓ Preview

汉hàn字zì

HTML5 kdi

<ul>
 <li>User <bdi>hrefs</bdi>: 60 points</li>
 <li>User <bdi>jdoe</bdi>: 80 points</li>
 <li>User <bdi>إيان</bdi>: 90 points</li>
</ul>

↓ Preview

User hrefs: 60 points
User jdoe: 80 points
User إيان: 90 points

HTML5 progress

<progress value="50" max="100"></progress>

HTML5 mark

<p>I Love <mark>QuickRef.ME</mark></p>

I Love QuickRef.ME

HTML Tables

Table Example

<table>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <td>name</td>
            <td>age</td>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td>Roberta</td>
            <td>39</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Oliver</td>
            <td>25</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

HTML Table Tags

<table>

Defines a table

<th>

Defines a header cell in a table

<tr>

Defines a row in a table

<td>

Defines a cell in a table

Defines a table caption

Defines a group of columns

<col>

Defines a column within a table

<thead>

Groups the header content

<tbody>

Groups the body content

<tfoot>

Groups the footer content

<td> Attributes

colspan

Number of columns a cell should span

headers

One or more header cells a cell is related to

rowspan

Number of rows a cell should span

See: td#Attributes

<th> Attributes

colspan

Number of columns a cell should span

headers

One or more header cells a cell is related to

rowspan

Number of rows a cell should span

abbr

Description of the cell's content

scope

The header element relates to

See: th#Attributes

HTML Lists

Unordered list

<ul>
    <li>I'm an item</li>
    <li>I'm another item</li>
    <li>I'm another item</li>
</ul>

See: The Unordered List element

Ordered list

<ol>
    <li>I'm the first item</li>
    <li>I'm the second item</li>
    <li>I'm the third item</li>
</ol>

See: The Ordered List element

Definition list

<dl>
    <dt>A Term</dt>
    <dd>Definition of a term</dd>
    <dt>Another Term</dt>
    <dd>Definition of another term</dd>
</dl>

See: The Description List element

HTML Forms

Form tags

<form method="POST" action="api/login">
  <label for="mail">Email: </label>
  <input type="email" id="mail" name="mail">
  <br/>
  <label for="pw">Password: </label>
  <input type="password" id="pw" name="pw">
  <br/>
  <input type="submit" value="Login">
  <br/>
  <input type="checkbox" id="ck" name="ck">
  <label for="ck">Remember me</label>
</form>

↓ Preview

Email: Password: Remember me

The HTML <form> element is used to collect and send information to an external source.

Form Attribute

name

Name of form for scripting

action

URL of form script

method

HTTP method, POST / GET (default)

enctype

Media type, See enctype

onsubmit

Runs when the form was submit

onreset

Runs when the form was reset

Label tags

<!-- Nested label -->
<label>Click me 
<input type="text" id="user" name="name"/>
</label>

<!-- 'for' attribute -->
<label for="user">Click me</label>
<input id="user" type="text" name="name"/>

for in a label references an input's id attribute

Input tags

<label for="Name">Name:</label>
<input type="text" name="Name" id="">

↓ Preview

Username:

See: HTML input Tags

Textarea tags

<textarea rows="2" cols="30" name="address" id="address"></textarea>

↓ Preview

Textarea is a multiple-line text input control

Radio Buttons

<input type="radio" name="gender" id="m">
<label for="m">Male</label>
<input type="radio" name="gender" id="f">
<label for="f">Female</label>

↓ Preview

Male Female

Radio buttons are used to let the user select exactly one

Checkboxes

<input type="checkbox" name="s" id="soc">
<label for="soc">Soccer</label>
<input type="checkbox" name="s" id="bas">
<label for="bas">Baseball</label>

↓ Preview

Soccer Baseball

Checkboxes allows the user to select one or more

Select tags

<label for="city">City:</label>
<select name="city" id="city">
    <option value="1">Sydney</option>
    <option value="2">Melbourne</option>
    <option value="3">Cromwell</option>
</select>

↓ Preview

City: Sydney Melbourne Cromwell

A select box is a dropdown list of options

Fieldset tags

<fieldset>
    <legend>Your favorite monster</legend>
    <input type="radio" id="kra" name="m">
    <label for="kraken">Kraken</label><br/>
    <input type="radio" id="sas" name="m">
    <label for="sas">Sasquatch</label>
</fieldset>

↓ Preview

Your favorite monster Kraken Sasquatch

Datalist tags(HTML5)

<label for="b">Choose a browser: </label>
<input list="list" id="b" name="browser"/>
<datalist id="list">
  <option value="Chrome">
  <option value="Firefox">
  <option value="Internet Explorer">
  <option value="Opera">
  <option value="Safari">
  <option value="Microsoft Edge">
</datalist>

↓ Preview

Choose a browser:

Submit and Reset Buttons

<form action="register.php" method="post">
  <label for="foo">Name:</label>
  <input type="text" name="name" id="foo">
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
  <input type="reset" value="Reset">
</form>

↓ Preview

Name:

Submit the data to server; Reset to default values

HTML input Tags

Input Attributes

The input tag is an empty element, identifying the particular type of field information to obtain from a user.

<input type="text" name="?" value="?" minlength="6"	 required />

type="…"

The type of data that is being input

value="…"

Default value

name="…"

Used to describe this data in the HTTP request

id="…"

Unique identifier that other HTML elements

readonly

Stops the user from modifying

disabled

Stops any interaction

checked

The radio or checkbox select or not

required

Being compulsory, See required

placeholder="…"

Adds a temporary, See ::placeholder

autocomplete="off"

Disable auto completion

autocapitalize="none"

Disable auto capitalization

inputmode="…"

Display a specific keyboard, See inputmode

list="…"

The id of an associated datalist

maxlength="…"

Maximum number of characters

minlength="…"

Minimum number of characters

min="…"

Minimum numerical value on range & number

max="…"

Maximum numerical value on range & number

step="…"

How the number will increment in range & number

pattern="…"

Specifies a Regular expression, See pattern

autofocus

Be focused

spellcheck

Perform spell checking

multiple

Whether to allow multiple values

accept=""

Expected file type in file upload controls

Also see: Attributes for the <input> element

Input types

type="checkbox"

type="radio"

type="file"

type="hidden"

type="text"

type="password"

type="image"

type="reset"

type="button"

Button

type="submit"

New Input Types in HTML5

type="color"

type="date"

type="time"

type="month"

type="datetime-local"

type="week"

type="email"

type="tel"

type="url"

type="number"

type="search"

type="range"

Input CSS selectors

input:focus

When its keyboard focused

See: Input pseudo classes

HTML meta Tags

Meta tags

The meta tag describes meta data within an HTML document. It explains additional material about the HTML.

<meta charset="utf-8">

<!-- title -->
<title>···</title>
<meta property="og:title"  content="···">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="···">

<!-- url -->
<link rel="canonical"       href="https://···">
<meta property="og:url"  content="https://···">
<meta name="twitter:url" content="https://···">

<!-- description -->
<meta name="description"         content="···">
<meta property="og:description"  content="···">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="···">

<!-- image -->
<meta property="og:image"  content="https://···">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://···">

<!-- ua -->
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">

<!-- viewport -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=1024">

Open Graph

<meta property="og:type" content="website">
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_CA">
<meta property="og:title" content="HTML cheatsheet">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://quickref.me/html">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://xxx.com/image.jpg">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Name of your website">
<meta property="og:description" content="Description of this page">

Used by Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, LinkedIn, etc.

Twitter Cards

<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@FechinLi">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="HTML cheatsheet">
<meta name="twitter:url" content="https://quickref.me/html">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Description of this page">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://xxx.com/image.jpg">

See: Twitter Card Documentation

Geotagging

<meta name="ICBM" content="45.416667,-75.7">
<meta name="geo.position" content="45.416667;-75.7">
<meta name="geo.region" content="ca-on">
<meta name="geo.placename" content="Ottawa">

See: Geotagging

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hashtagGetting Started

hashtaghello.html

hashtagComment

hashtagParagraph

hashtagHTML link

hashtagImage Tag

hashtagText Formatting Tags

hashtagHeadings

hashtagSection Divisions

hashtagInline Frame

hashtagJavaScript in HTML

hashtagCSS in HTML

hashtagHTML5 Tags

hashtagDocument

hashtagHeader Navigation

hashtagHTML5 Tags

hashtagHTML5 Video

hashtagHTML5 Audio

hashtagHTML5 Ruby

hashtagHTML5 kdi

hashtagHTML5 progress

hashtagHTML5 mark

hashtagHTML Tables

hashtagTable Example

hashtagHTML Table Tags

hashtag<td> Attributes

hashtag<th> Attributes

hashtagHTML Lists

hashtagUnordered list

hashtagOrdered list

hashtagDefinition list

hashtagHTML Forms

hashtagForm tags

hashtagForm Attribute

hashtagLabel tags

hashtagInput tags

hashtagTextarea tags

hashtagRadio Buttons

hashtagCheckboxes

hashtagSelect tags

hashtagFieldset tags

hashtagDatalist tags(HTML5)

hashtagSubmit and Reset Buttons

hashtagHTML input Tags

hashtagInput Attributes

hashtagInput types

hashtagInput CSS selectors

hashtagHTML meta Tags

hashtagMeta tags

hashtagOpen Graph

hashtagTwitter Cards

hashtagGeotagging

Getting Started

hello.html

Comment

Paragraph

HTML link

Image Tag

Text Formatting Tags

Headings

Section Divisions

Inline Frame

JavaScript in HTML

CSS in HTML

HTML5 Tags

Document

Header Navigation

HTML5 Tags

HTML5 Video

HTML5 Audio

HTML5 Ruby

HTML5 kdi

HTML5 progress

HTML5 mark

HTML Tables

Table Example

HTML Table Tags

<td> Attributes

<th> Attributes

HTML Lists

Unordered list

Ordered list

Definition list

HTML Forms

Form tags

Form Attribute

Label tags

Input tags

Textarea tags

Radio Buttons

Checkboxes

Select tags

Fieldset tags

Datalist tags(HTML5)

Submit and Reset Buttons

HTML input Tags

Input Attributes

Input types

Input CSS selectors

HTML meta Tags

Meta tags

Open Graph

Twitter Cards

Geotagging